{"id":90685,"date":"2019-04-30T14:14:28","date_gmt":"2019-04-30T12:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/?p=90685"},"modified":"2024-08-28T16:57:54","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T14:57:54","slug":"fire-safety-of-pv-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/en\/fire-safety-of-pv-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Fire safety of PV systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Worldwide several million households enjoy safe, clean and cost-efficient energy from PV systems. Despite this, some online media sources claim that PV systems cause fires and put firefighters at great risk. These articles spread fears about PV safety and are sometimes used to sell add-on safety products like module shutdown devices. Fortunately, these fears are unfounded.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this post, we show evidence from comprehensive studies that indicates existing PV systems are generally safe, fires are rare, and firefighters are still able to work safely.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Fires caused by PV systems are rare<\/h2>\n<p>Independent testing and research institutes T\u00dcV Rheinland [1] and Fraunhofer ISE [2], have found that less than 0.006% of PV systems have caused fires in Germany. Other countries like Japan, Netherlands and Australia report similar figures [3] [4]\n<h2>2. Fires were mainly caused by human\/external factors<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_90717\" style=\"width: 272px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/root-cause.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90717\" class=\"wp-image-90717 size-medium lazyload\" title=\" A breakdown of the reasons for PV system fires in Germany. Data source: T\u00dcV [1].\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/root-cause-262x189.jpg\" alt=\" A breakdown of the reasons for PV system fires in Germany. Data source: T\u00dcV [1].\" width=\"262\" height=\"189\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/root-cause-262x189.jpg 262w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/root-cause-768x555.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/root-cause-1024x740.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/root-cause-450x325.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/root-cause.jpg 1242w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 262px) 100vw, 262px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 262px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 262\/189;\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-90717\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A breakdown of the reasons for PV system fires in Germany. Data source: T\u00dcV [1].<\/p><\/div>Of the small number of PV system fires, \u201chuman errors\u201d are mainly to blame. T\u00dcV\u2019s report surveyed 210 PV fires and found that poor workmanship and poor design account for the majority of fires caused by PV systems (38%) [1].<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Installation mistake<\/strong>: DC connections not mated properly, badly crimped connectors, no strain relief etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Product failures<\/strong>: PV modules or inverters.<\/li>\n<li><strong>External influence<\/strong>: animals, lightning etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Planning failure<\/strong>: poor mechanical and electrical design (e.g. incorrect selection of DC isolators, cabling).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Poor design or dodgy installation can lead to fire as there is increased risk of electrical arcs. Arcs commonly occur where there is an unintentional break in the electric circuit.<\/p>\n<p>In Germany, Australia and the UK, the majority of faults have occurred in the DC side of the circuit (PV modules, DC wiring, DC isolators, etc) [1] [3] [4] [5]. The probability here is high because there are many components and connections on the DC side. That means there are more chances for something to go wrong: for e.g. one of the components is faulty or one of the connections is not properly made.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Are module-level shutdown devices needed?<\/h2>\n<p>In short, no. Here\u00b4s why:<\/p>\n<p>PV system safety has improved over time with the introduction of new safety devices. You may think that adding additional safety devices would reduce the chances of a problem. However, adding more devices increases the number of connections and components that could fail. In the case of adding module-level shutdown devices, the number of DC connections roughly doubles! This increases the number of sites for a potential problem, whether it is component failure or an installation mistake like not properly making connections.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/safety-level.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-90729 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/safety-level-1024x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"317\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/safety-level-1024x541.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/safety-level-262x138.jpg 262w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/safety-level-768x406.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/safety-level-450x238.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/safety-level.jpg 1595w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/317;\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Module-level shutdown devices are also unnecessary for firefighters to safely attend an incident involving a PV system. The independent testing institute T\u00dcV does not propose the mandatory inclusion of module-level shutdown devices: \u201creasoning has led fire departments to shift away from the general demand for a shutdown on the grounds that theoretically any switch-off device can fail\u201d [1].<\/p>\n<p>If module level power electronics are needed in special cases, plant operators should take care to use as little devices as possible.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Additional safety devices are redundant<\/h2>\n<p>Firefighters are well trained in dealing with fires in houses with PV systems and know about the appropriate precautionary measures. These precautions include keeping a minimum distance between the nozzle and PV array such that there is no risk of electrocution to the firefighter [1].<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>Fires are extremely unlikely in PV systems when they are properly designed and installed. Analysing previous fires at PV systems has confirmed this. PV systems can be made even safer by addressing the most frequent root causes of DC arcs, which are mostly related to human errors during the design and installation stage. There is no need for module-level-shutdown devices as firefighters may already manage risks onsite and they do not address the common root causes for PV system fires.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/d3yvy865gav9f.cloudfront.net\/asset\/851725204959\/document_0ijs4keva14kl36kg2p6b08c2u\/?content-disposition=inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find more details on the topic in the whitepaper<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Bibliography<\/h2>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[1]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">Sepanski et al, \u201cAssessing Fire Risks in Photovoltaic Systems and Developing Safety Concepts for Risk Minimization,\u201d T\u00dcV Rheinland Energie und Umwelt GmbH, 2018.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[2]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">Laukamp et al, \u201cPV Fire Hazard &#8211; Analysis and Assessment of Fire Incidents,\u201d <em>28th EU PVSEC 2013, Paris, <\/em>2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[3]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">A. Chiaramonte, A. Smith and Z. Hood, \u201cFire Safety of Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Australia,\u201d Worcestor Polytechnic Institute, 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[4]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">D. Bende, \u201cBrandincidenten met fotovolta\u00efsche (PV) systemen in Nederland,\u201d TNO, 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[5]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">BRE National Solar Centre, \u201cFire and Solar PV Systems &#8211; Investigations and Evidence,\u201d 2017. [Online]. Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/630639\/fire-solar-pv-systems-investigations-evidence.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/630639\/fire-solar-pv-systems-investigations-evidence.pdf<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;90685&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.4&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.4\\\/5 - (5 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;22&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Fire safety of PV systems&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;100.7&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 100.7px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 17.6px;\">\n            4.4\/5 - (5 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class='printomatic pom-default ' id='id7959'  data-print_target='article'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Worldwide several million households enjoy safe, clean and cost-efficient energy from PV systems. Despite this, some online media sources claim that PV systems cause fires and put firefighters at grave risk. These articles spread fears about PV safety and are sometimes used to sell add-on safety products like module shutdown devices. Fortunately, these fears are unfounded.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":90901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[612],"class_list":["post-90685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions","tag-quality"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fire safety of PV systems<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Worldwide several million households enjoy safe, clean and cost-efficient energy from PV systems. Despite this, some online media sources claim that PV systems cause fires and put firefighters at grave risk. These articles spread fears about PV safety Fortunately, these fears are unfounded.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/en\/fire-safety-of-pv-systems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fire safety of PV systems\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Worldwide several million households enjoy safe, clean and cost-efficient energy from PV systems. Despite this, some online media sources claim that PV systems cause fires and put firefighters at grave risk. 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Despite this, some online media sources claim that PV systems cause fires and put firefighters at grave risk. 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