{"id":89796,"date":"2019-03-29T15:26:58","date_gmt":"2019-03-29T14:26:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/?p=89796"},"modified":"2019-05-02T11:18:29","modified_gmt":"2019-05-02T09:18:29","slug":"fire-safety-for-pv-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/en\/fire-safety-for-pv-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Fire safety for PV systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In Australia, over 2 million households enjoy safe and clean energy from PV systems. Despite this, some online media sources claim that PV systems cause fires and put firefighters at grave risk. These articles spread fears about PV safety and are sometimes used to sell add-on safety products like module shutdown devices. Fortunately, these fears are unfounded.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this post, we show evidence from comprehensive studies that indicates existing PV systems are generally safe, fires are rare, and firefighters are still able to work safely.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Fires caused by PV systems are rare<\/h2>\n<p>Independent testing and research institutes T\u00dcV Rheinland [1] and Fraunhofer ISE [2], have found that less than 0.006% of PV systems have caused fires in Germany.<\/p>\n<p>In Australia, a similarly low percentage of installations have had fires caused by PV. Between 2009 \u2013 2015, less than 0.03% [6] of PV systems had recorded fire incidents [3].<\/p>\n<h2>2. Fires were mainly caused by human\/external factors that can\u2019t be prevented by additional safety devices<\/h2>\n<p>Of the small number of PV system fires, \u201chuman errors\u201d are mainly to blame. T\u00dcV\u2019s report surveyed 210 PV fires and found that poor workmanship and poor design account for the majority of fires caused by PV systems [1].<\/p>\n<p>A breakdown of the reasons for PV system fires in Germany. Data source: T\u00dcV [1]\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/root-cause.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-89803 alignright lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/root-cause-262x188.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"201\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/root-cause-262x188.png 262w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/root-cause-450x323.png 450w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/root-cause.png 647w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 280\/201;\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Installation mistake<\/strong>: DC connections not mated properly, badly crimped connectors, no strain relief etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Product failures: <\/strong>PV modules or inverters.<\/li>\n<li><strong>External influence<\/strong>: animals, lightning etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Planning failure<\/strong>: poor mechanical and electrical design (e.g. incorrect selection of DC isolators, cabling)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Poor design or installation can lead to fire as there is increased risk of electrical arcs. Arcs commonly occur where there is an unintentional break in the electric circuit. This is what a DC arc looks like:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><div class=\"lyte-wrapper\" title=\"ARC video\" style=\"width:1280px;max-width:100%;margin:5px;\"><div class=\"lyMe hidef\" id=\"WYL_6uU8mHKiiQw\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><div><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/6uU8mHKiiQw\/maxresdefault.jpg\" \/><meta itemprop=\"embedURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6uU8mHKiiQw\" \/><meta itemprop=\"duration\" content=\"PT1M2S\" \/><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2019-03-27T00:18:18Z\" \/><\/div><div id=\"lyte_6uU8mHKiiQw\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/6uU8mHKiiQw\/maxresdefault.jpg\" class=\"pL\"><div class=\"tC\"><div class=\"tT\" itemprop=\"name\">ARC video<\/div><\/div><div class=\"play\"><\/div><div class=\"ctrl\"><div class=\"Lctrl\"><\/div><div class=\"Rctrl\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6uU8mHKiiQw\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/6uU8mHKiiQw\/0.jpg\" alt=\"ARC video\" width=\"1280\" height=\"700\" \/><br \/>Watch this video on YouTube<\/a><\/noscript><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"ARC video\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"lL\" style=\"max-width:100%;width:1280px;margin:5px;\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>In Germany, Australia and the UK, the majority of faults have occurred in the DC side of the circuit (PV modules, DC wiring, DC isolators, etc) [1] [3] [4]. The probability here is high because there are many components and connections on the DC side. That means there are more chances for something to go wrong: for e.g. one of the components is faulty or one of the connections is not properly made.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>DC isolators are a particularly common root cause for PV system fires. As much as 50% of fires caused by PV in WA were caused by rooftop DC isolators between 2009-2015 [3]. The story is similar in the UK, with 40% caused by the DC isolator and over 20% caused by DC connections. Based on statistics from these fire cases, a large portion of fires could have been avoided if manually installed DC isolators were eliminated, and the number of DC connections were minimised. In support of this, SMA provides DC isolators already inbuilt into our inverters, which avoids the risks associated with manual wiring and installation of external DC isolators.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>3. Firefighters can still attend a home with a PV-system<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>When appropriate precautions are taken, firefighters can still extinguish fires on homes with PV systems [1]. These precautions include keeping a minimum distance between the nozzle and PV array such that there is no risk of electrocution to the firefighter.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>4. Are module-level shutdown devices needed?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>In short, no. Here\u2019s why:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>PV system safety has improved over time with the introduction of new safety devices. You may think that adding additional safety devices would reduce the chances of a problem. However, adding more devices increases the number of connections and components that could fail. In the case of adding module-level shutdown devices, the number of DC connections roughly doubles! This increases the number of sites for a potential problem, whether it is component failure or an installation mistake like not properly making connections.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/sl.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89813 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/sl.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"630\" height=\"341\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/sl.png 630w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/sl-262x142.png 262w, https:\/\/www.sma-sunny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/sl-450x244.png 450w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 630px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 630\/341;\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Module-level shutdown devices are also unnecessary for firefighters to safely attend an incident involving a PV system. The independent testing institute T\u00dcV does not propose the mandatory inclusion of module-level shutdown devices: \u201creasoning has led fire departments to shift away from the general demand for a shutdown on the grounds that theoretically any switch-off device can fail\u201d [1].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>With SMA you can choose whether module level power electronics are needed. In some systems, such as those that have persistent shading during the day, the TS4-R Optimiser can be used to maximize yield from the PV system and minimize stress on the shaded module. The TS4-R system can be selectively deployed only to affected shaded-modules to minimise the number of components and connections.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Fires are extremely unlikely in PV systems when they are properly designed and installed. Analysing previous fires at PV systems has confirmed this. PV systems can be made even safer by addressing the most frequent root causes of DC arcs, which are mostly related to human errors during the design and installation stage. There is no need for module-level-shutdown devices as firefighters may already manage risks onsite and they do not address the common root causes for PV system fires.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>If you would like to learn more on this topic, you can watch a recorded webinar on this topic which SMA participated in with PV Magazine in December 2018. You can access the webinar at the following link:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GiZ9cEkR5S\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/webinars\/safety-through-module-electronics-sma-advises-less-is-more\/\">Safety through module electronics? SMA advises less is more<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Safety through module electronics? SMA advises less is more&#8221; &#8212; pv magazine International\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/webinars\/safety-through-module-electronics-sma-advises-less-is-more\/embed\/#?secret=xmt0MdZztg#?secret=GiZ9cEkR5S\" data-secret=\"GiZ9cEkR5S\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>Bibliography<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[1]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">Sepanski et al, \u201cAssessing Fire Risks in Photovoltaic Systems and Developing Safety Concepts for Risk Minimization,\u201d T\u00dcV Rheinland Energie und Umwelt GmbH, 2018.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[2]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">Laukamp et al, \u201cPV Fire Hazard &#8211; Analysis and Assessment of Fire Incidents,\u201d <em>28th EU PVSEC 2013, Paris, <\/em>2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[3]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">A. Chiaramonte, A. Smith and Z. Hood, \u201cFire Safety of Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Australia,\u201d Worcestor Polytechnic Institute, 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[4]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">BRE National Solar Centre, \u201cFire and Solar PV Systems &#8211; Investigations and Evidence,\u201d 2017. [Online]. Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/630639\/fire-solar-pv-systems-investigations-evidence.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/630639\/fire-solar-pv-systems-investigations-evidence.pdf<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[5]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">Australian PV Institute, \u201cAustralian PV market since April 2001,\u201d 2019. [Online]. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/pv-map.apvi.org.au\/analyses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/pv-map.apvi.org.au\/analyses<\/a>. [Accessed 6 3 2019].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"4%\">[6]<\/td>\n<td width=\"94%\">Proportion based on number of fire incidents reported in [3] for 2009-2015 and the 1507810 PV installations installed in total at the end of 2015 [5].<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;89796&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.7&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.7\\\/5 - (10 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;22&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Fire safety for PV systems&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;107.6&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 107.6px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 1px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 22px; height: 22px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 17.6px;\">\n            4.7\/5 - (10 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<div class='printomatic pom-default ' id='id4366'  data-print_target='article'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Australia, over 2 million households enjoy safe and clean energy from PV systems. Spread fears about PV safety are unfounded and used to sell add-on safety products. Comprehensive studies indicate existing PV systems are generally safe, fires are rare, and firefighters are still able to work safely.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":90771,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[1035,891,935,1036],"class_list":["post-89796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions","tag-fire-safety","tag-pv-en-2","tag-smart-module-technology","tag-solar-inverter"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fire safety for PV systems - Sunny. 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